Application of the products gotten for the treatment of drinking waters 

Origin and characteristics of raw water

The raw water used for the test of the products gotten has been taken from the river of Andromba, situated in the township of Fenoarivo Alakamisy, district of South Antananarivo. The geographical coordinates of the point of sampling are the following : • 18°58 (South latitude); • 47°24 (East longitude); • altitude 1318 m. Illustration 11: satellite Picture of the part of the place of water sampling: (Google Earth), consulted on 23/10/2014, [http://www.gosur.com/map /] The samplings have been done during the month of September (September 2 and 26, 2014). IJRDO-Journal of Applied Science ISSN: 2455-6653 Volume-3 | Issue-10 | October,2017 | Paper-2 23 The physic and chemical characteristic of the raw water are summarized below in the next table. The analysis has been achieved by the control quality laboratory of the water of the JIRAMA located in Antananarivo. Table 6 : physic and chemical characteristics of the water of the river of Andromba, collected on 2 and September 26, 2014. Parameters Units Water collected September 2 Water collected September 26 Norm of drinkability Temperature °C 24.6 23.9 / Turbidity NTU 266 236 <5 pH / 7.34 7.19 6.5-9.0 Conductivity (S/cm 57.3 37.5 <3000 Mineral matters mg/l 40 35 – TH toughness mg/l 3.2 2.7 50 Calcic toughness THca mg/l in CaCO2 1.9 1.5 – TA/TAC mg/l 0/2.2 0/1.6 200 M.O mg/l 2.6 2.44 2.0 NH4 + mg/l 0.443 0.235 0.500 Iron mg/l 1.00 1.00 0.50 Cl – mg/l 8.52 8.52 250 SO4 2 – mg/l 3.89 31.39 250 NO2 – mg/l 0.036 0.296 0.100 NO3 – mg/l 0.571 5.050 50 We noted that only, the turbidity passes widely the norm of drinkability for the two samples. 

The Jar-Test

The principle consists in appreciating the quality or the size of the plops formed during the flocculation/coagulation as well as the minimal turbidity after the addition of some quantities of coagulating/flocculating agents on a certain volume of water sample. We first compared the results of the performance of the products synthesized during this work in relation to the sulphate of alumina, classic product used by the JIRAMA society for the treatment of drinking waters in Madagascar. Indeed, the ferric sulphate (III iron), the green color ferrate (IV iron or V) and the purple color ferrate (VI iron) are all the products that have not been met usually yet at the JIRAMA according to the staff of the laboratory. All treatments have been achieved according to the usual method of the laboratory.

The gotten results show that the ferric sulphate is the most performing; we got the lowest turbidity with this product. During the tests of treatment, it is with this product that we got the biggest plop. Visually, waters are all limpid except the one treated with the IV ferrate or V that have a yellow color trace. We also saw in the result of the flocculation tests, the strong presence of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and sulphate in water. These values pass the widely of the authorized norm especially for the sulphate of alumina, the ferric sulphate and the IV ferrate or V. We noted that the value of these parameters increased during the treatment. The contribution is due to the use of ammonia as agent of rectification of the pH, for the sulphate of alumina and the ferric sulphate. The rectification of the pH is necessary because the plops only form themselves from the pH = 7 to 8. For the one of the IV ferrate or V, the contribution is due to the insufficiency of the temperature during the synthesis of the product, the KNO3 decomposed itself in KNO2 instead of K2O.