Test on The Exploitation of The Madagascar

VOLUTION OF THE EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY ACCORDING OF CULTIVATION SITE, OF TIME AND OF EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY 

Marabe variety 

Extraction by the traditional screw press Figure 10: Evolution of the extraction efficiency of peanut oil for marabe variety by the horizontal screw press according to the time, of harvest period and the culture site 

Extraction by hydraulic press actuated with double cylinder

Figure 11: Evolution of the extraction efficiency of peanut oil for the Marabe variety by the hydraulic press actuated with double cylinder according to the time, of harvest and the cultuvation site The maturation of peanuts evolves gradually as a function of time. Between April and May, this maturation has a sudden change of increasing variation. From May, oil content is almost constant until July, followed by a slight decrease in August. Then, the yield decreases sharply from August until September. Hence, the ideal and favorable period for harvesting Marabe variety peanut is between May and June; there is a decrease in yield beyond this period (Figure 10 and 11). 

Menakely variety 

Extraction by the traditional screw press

Figure 12: Evolution of the extraction efficiency of Menakely peanut oil by the horizontal screw press according to the time of harvest and the culture site

Extraction by hydraulic press actuated with double cylinder

Figure 13: Evolution of the extraction efficiency of Menakely peanut oil by the double cylinder hydraulic press according to the harvest time and the growing site As for the marabe variety, the maturation of the menakely variety also evolves over time. But the favorable collection period for oil extraction is between mid-May and mid-June. From where a delay of about 15 days compared to the Marabe variety (Figures 12 and 13).

CONCLUSION 

This research we have carried out on the groundnut sector in the Itasy region are already showing interesting results and encouraging small farmers to choose the variety to be exploited and the technology adapted for the extraction process. Indeed, after a review of the scientific literature and the technique on the groundnut sector in Madagascar, the pedological characterization of two study sites, the experimentation on peanut cultivation, the design of an extraction apparatus to On the artisanal scale, we have tried to determine the optimum period of harvesting peanut oil. From the point of view of the selection of the peanut variety among the most cultivated varieties of this zone, the Marabe variety is the most compatible with the soil of this region having a quantity of oil which is always important. In addition, the harvest period for obtaining the optimum amount of oil is between May and June for the Marabe 30 33 36 39 42 45 March April May June July Aug Sept MEN Ampary MEN Anosibe-Ifanja Harvest period Extraction efficiency (%) 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 March April May June July Aug Sept MEN Anosibe-Ifanja MEN Ampary Extraction efficiency (%) Harvest period Test on The Exploitation of The Madagascar Peanut Sector, Case of The Volcanic Region of Itasy Vol.  variety and from mid-May to mid-June for the menakely variety, in the seed condition, the most applied by farmers (mid-November). Finally, for the extraction technology, the use of hydraulic double-jack presses is efficient, more efficient, flexible to use from the technical point of view but an expensive people from the economic point of view. In short, the results of our work allow us to affirm that we can improve the exploitation of the groundnut sector in the Itasy region, especially for small farmers. In conclusion, this project is in great demand for the economic development and the improvement of living standards of the peasants of this region. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author warmly thanks the research centers and the various laboratories for carrying out this work for their technical assistance..